Relevant: GS1 SEC2-INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Introduction
India-U.S. defence ties have evolved significantly over the past two decades, with an increasing emphasis on defence procurement, technology sharing, and strategic convergence. However, caution and strategic autonomy remain central to India’s approach, especially in the wake of changing U.S. geopolitical postures.

Current Trends and Developments

• India is the second largest arms importer globally, with the U.S. becoming a major supplier alongside Russia (Russia still contributes around 36%).
• Despite the push for Atmanirbhar Bharat, dependence on foreign platforms remains, especially in the Indian Air Force (IAF) which is grappling with a falling squadron strength.
• Major defence procurements from the U.S. include C-17 Globemaster aircraft, Apache and Chinook helicopters, and P-8I maritime aircraft.
• Recent developments like handing over of Tejas Mk1A fuselage by a private Indian firm also indicate maturing domestic capacities.

Key Policy Frameworks

• The Defence Technology and Trade Initiative (DTTI) (2012) was launched to promote joint development and manufacturing. However, progress has been limited.
• The U.S.-India Major Defence Partnership, formalised in 2016, is aimed at deepening cooperation across platforms, with agreements like COMCASA, LEMOA, and BECA already signed.

Concerns and Strategic Cautions

• The article raises concerns over India becoming over-dependent on U.S. defence supplies, risking strategic autonomy.
• U.S. transactional approach to partnerships (e.g., under President Trump) creates unpredictability.
• Joint ventures have not always resulted in actual technology transfer or indigenous capacity enhancement.
• India’s defence strategy must consider multi-alignment, keeping ties open with Russia, France, and others.

Looking Ahead: What India Must Focus On

• Avoid dependency: Diversify suppliers to maintain leverage and resilience.
• Strengthen indigenous R&D and production: Rather than only relying on U.S. imports.
• Balanced diplomacy: Continue strategic engagement with the U.S., but retain autonomy and ensure all partnerships serve national interest.

Conclusion
India must pursue defence ties with the U.S. in a manner that strengthens indigenous capacity, avoids strategic entrapment, and ensures long-term sustainability of military preparedness. A strong India-U.S. relationship should be built not just on transactions but on shared strategic objectives, technological cooperation, and mutual trust.

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