Bihar Economic Survey (2024-25) | Chapter 5: Labour, Employment and Skill Development


1. Workforce Overview

  • Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR):
    • Bihar’s LFPR stands at 43.4%, lower than the national average of 56.0% (PLFS 2022-23).
    • Male LFPR: 70.6%, Female LFPR: 15.6%.
    • High reliance on self-employment and casual labour, particularly in rural areas.
  • Unemployment Rate:
    • Overall: 3.4% in Bihar vs. 3.2% (India).
    • Youth Unemployment (15-29 years): 10.8% (urban Bihar)

2. Employment Trends

  • Sectoral Distribution:
    • Agriculture still engages over half the workforce.
    • Construction and trade are key sources of employment outside agriculture.
  • Migration Patterns:
    • Bihar continues to see high out-migration due to limited local employment.
    • Most migrants are young males from rural areas.

3. Skilling Initiatives

  • Kushal Yuva Programme (KYP):
    • Targets youth aged 15-28.
    • Offers soft skills, IT and communication training.
    • Recognised by SKOCH Award and NITI Aayog.
  • Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL):
    • Aimed at 18-59 age group with informal skills.
    • Enables certification under NSQF framework.
  • SANKALP Yojana:
    • A World Bank-supported scheme.
    • Introduces innovative training programmes.
  • Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY):
    • Focus on rural poor youth.
    • JEEVIKA is a complementary agency for implementation.
  • Rural Self-Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs):
    • Conduct entrepreneurship development across agriculture, product, and general sectors.
    • Supported by JEEVIKA.
  • Mega Skill Centres:
    • Being developed in Patna under the BS-CFA model (hub-and-spoke).

4. Achievements

  • World Skills Competition 2023:
    • Bihar participants won 13 medals (4 gold, 2 silver, 5 bronze).
  • BSDM Initiatives:
    • Organised state-level competitions in collaboration with NSDC.
    • Ongoing efforts to map industry demand and align training modules accordingly.

5. Passport Issuance

  • 1,703.9 thousand applications received in the last 5 years.
  • 1,683.1 thousand passports issued.
  • Banka showed the highest growth (70%) in passport applications.